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VPCI functions by forming a bond on the metal surface and by forming a barrier layer to aggressive ions. Now, we have got a complete detailed . Inhibitory effects of African breadfruit leaves extract (BLE) on the corrosion of mild steel and aluminium in 1M sulphuric acid (H2SO4) solution was studied at 30 and 60. In order for steel to be considered low carbon, there are certain . Do not forget also to isolate the bolts/nuts or washers at least in the areas it contacts one of the joint elements. This temperature cycle was maintained in two sets because of formation and condensation of the vapors of VPCI on mild steel surface regularly. Higher strength also obtains by applying process like heat treatment. Corrosion rate increased both in the absence and presence of inhibitor with increase in temperature. Steel is Not Naturally Corrosion-Resistant While steel is a proven, durable and efficient construction material, it is not usually selected for its corrosion resistance. Virtually every alloy system has its specific environment conditions which will produce stress-corrosion cracking, and the time of exposure required to produce failure will vary from minutes to years. Where, W = Weight loss (mg), D = Density of mild steel (gm/cm3), A = Area of specimen (sq. Rosenfeld, I. L., Persiantseva, V. P., Polteva, M. N., Inhibitors National Association of Corrosion Engineers, 1972, 606-609. This is the reason why stainless steels are susceptible to rapid pitting in some environments. Steel corrosion - types and structural effects - Constro Facilitator [19]. X. Change in the weight of VPCIs was observed by the single pan analytical balance (0.01mg accuracy). During the storage and transportation conditions, it comes in contact with aggressive environment which leads to decrease in mechanical strength. However, mild steels that weigh the same as aluminum are not as strong and are more susceptible to breaks and cracks. SEM images of mild steel coupons treated with different VPCIs by weight loss method after exposure of 10 days at 40.0C were shown in Figure 4. The VPCIs investigated in present study inhibited corrosion of metals in various ways: i)By saturating the space with their vapors and reducing the relative humidity below critical value. All the four investigated VPCIs shows good corrosion inhibition efficiency i.e. Essentially, the iron in the steel is oxidised to produce rust, which occupies approximately six times the volume of the original material. In other words, it helps to have a base level of knowledge, but. Abstract. 729 0 obj <>stream Properties of Mild Steel. Thus, the reaction between aluminium and the base is self-accelerating and can accelerate violently. 3. 38, 2000, 52. Use of chloride-free water is also helpful, especially when prompt drainage is not feasible. . In such a case, frictional heat oxidizes the metal and this oxide then wears away; or the mechanical removal of protective oxides results in exposure of fresh surface for corrosive attack. Moreover, SEM-EDX analysis confirmed that HYDs can ensure remarkable prevention against corrosion through the adsorption onto the metal surface. Close-up of aluminium plate attacked by concrete. The most common types of corrosion are: Galvanic corrosion occurs when metals break down each other. Traditionally, reduction of corrosion has been managed by various methods including cathodic protection, process control, reduction of the metal impurity content, and application of surface treatment techniques, as well as incorporation of suitable alloys. Tech. Surfactants,. What Are the Properties of Mild Steel? - Reference.com Figure 3 shows PCIE of all the four investigated vapour phase corrosion inhibitors. Examples include mercury attack on aluminum alloys and attack of stainless steels by molten zinc or aluminum. The rate of VPC may be accelerated by both acids and bases, depending upon the metal. Nevertheless, its structural strength prevents itself from being used for load-bearing girders and structural . When working with Tinplate. Sastri, V. C., Corrosion Inhibitors Principles and Applications. The values of weight loss (mg), corrosion rate (MPY) and PCIE for all the four VPCIs were shown in Table 3. Stresses developed during fabrication, particularly during welding, are frequently the main source of trouble. Saurbier, K., Mandrof, V., Hchultze, G. W., Geke, J., Penninger, J. and Robmeler, H., Corros. The corrosion inhibitors volatizes into the atmosphere surrounding the metal and thus modify the atmosphere [13]. Then the flask was kept in air thermostat maintained at the constant temperature of 40C for 10 days. Chromium stops iron against oxidizing, hence it is mixed. The surface of the metal plays an important role in this form of damage, as it will be the most highly stressed and at the same time subject to attack by the corrosive media. After recording the initial weights of mild steel specimens on a Mettler Toledo, Japan AB 135-S/FACT, single pan analytical balance, (with a precision of 0.01mg), they were kept in different isolated chamber (perfectly insulated from each other) of air thermostat having fixed amount of VPCI at a constant temperature of 40C for 24 hours of exposure time. It forms a self-protecting layer as it corrodes. AFM images of mild steel: (a) polished metal, (b) 1 M H2SO4 solution Different Forms of Corrosion: Galvanic Corrosion,Bimetallic Corrosion,Dissimilar Metal Corrosion - Causes and Prevention Methods. Corrosion Fatigue Corrosion fatigue is a reduction by corrosion of the ability of a metal to withstand cyclic or repeated stresses. H2S and HCN are the most common, although other acids can cause the problem. 687 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<282CE9A15D43EC45BB31B004CD201AB1>]/Index[659 71]/Info 658 0 R/Length 122/Prev 938611/Root 660 0 R/Size 730/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream hb```nVV5A10pp2hQpIph(00e3 YPBw gAS}CbM[.&uvw3\"P!]SV2]rHXa!%k&-5`I-]YJ[`@GnlPUz]K?%{nq ]:II^y3e'r#B-A`Bor1o0LX\.\ LOEWv,.%DK|~hwX5 f=/tNuEY`"K8mx\.Cd`aV)\4QdrWUN-PF-1[[ m(kc%P -pUe@ACg!b". Mild steel is the most common form of steel and because of its low cost it is chief material of construction. An increase in temperature from 23C to 60C increased the corrosion rate of specimens exhibiting active-passive behavior from ~2 mm/y to ~15 mm/y. Unfortunately, these levels of addition do not generally produce any remarkable changes in general corrosion behaviour. The corrosion behaviour of mild steel and aluminium exposed to H2SO4 solution and their inhibition in H2SO4 containing 0.1-0.5 g/L Gum Arabic (GA) used as inhibitor was studied at temperature range of 30-60 C using weight loss and thermometric techniques. How to Prevent Galvanic Corrosion Between Aluminum and Steel? Bakt . Loosely adhering corrosion products were removed with the help of rubber cork and the specimen was again washed thoroughly with triple distilled water and dried with hot air blower and then weighed again. So yes, there are ways around this weakness, but they have their limits too. Tech., 12, 2005, 93-97. Corrosion rate (CR) in mils per year (MPY) and percentage corrosion inhibition efficiency (PCIE) were calculated using the equations (2) and (3) respectively [29]. Corrosion risks with aluminium and stainless steel in contact Aluminium and stainless steel together also appears to be a bi-metallic corrosion risk, from the 'nobility' table. Corrosion of steel reduces the ductility and increases the brittleness of the steel. For maritime aluminium structures it is recommended further, pursuant to EN1999-1-1 (Eurocode 9) to use screws, bolts and other connection elements in the material A4 316 - acid- and rustproof. Durability Differences With its low carbon levels, mild steel generally has poor resistance to corrosionunless it's finished with the proper coating. Corrosion Characteristics of Mild Steel under Different Atmospheric Conditions by Vapour Phase Corrosion Inhibitors. The atomic hydrogen formed on the metal surface by the corrosion reaction diffuses into the metal and forms molecular hydrogen at microvoids in the metal. Acids and bases break down the oxide layer, thereby opening up the raw aluminium surface. Download scientific diagram | AFM images of mild steel: (a) polished metal, (b) 1 M H2SO4 solution without esomeprazole, and (c) 1 M H2SO4 solution with optimum concentration of esomeprazole. Acids and bases are damaging to aluminium, Furniture design of aluminium chips with an eye for sustainable innovation, Untreated Aluminium in historical constructions. Inhibition Of The Corrosion Of Mild Steel And Aluminium In Acidic Media Efforts towards weight reduction are leading towards increasing use of aluminum components on automobiles. These VPCIs were selected due to their easily availability, suitable vapor pressure, less toxic nature, high durability, and cost effective nature. Saurbier et. J. Chem. At present, mild steel pipe has been widely used in a variety of applications in production and life. towards Corrosion of Carbon Steel Intern. During the storage and transportation conditions, it comes in contact with aggressive environment which leads to decrease in mechanical strength. Hydrogen Attack At elevated temperatures and significant hydrogen partial pressures, hydrogen will penetrate carbon steel, reacting with the carbon in the steel to form methane. An all-in-one metal fabrication shop that understands the properties of each type of material can help make the choice that is best for your specific design, product, and cost needs. 96-98%. Quraishi, M. A. and Jamal, D., Synthesis and evaluation of some organic vapor phase. Re: Bolting stainless steel to mild steel. more than 96.0%. With this combination the affect of relative surface area on corrosion is important. Inhibition of the Corrosion of Mild Steel and Aluminium in Acidic Media Therefore corrosion of mild steel and its prevention are major concerns. Jones, D. A., Principles and preventions of corrosion. Sci. Due to their easily availability and their better percentage corrosion inhibition efficiency (PCIE) they have been used in industry for several decades. Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana, India. Starostina, M., Smorodin, A., Galor, L., Material Perform. unless its finished with the proper coating. It was also observed that the weight loss increased with increased corrosion temperature. Corrosion rate (MPY) and PCIE were calculated using the equations (2,3), respectively. The corrosion of structural steel is an electrochemical process that requires the simultaneous presence of moisture and oxygen. Tools commonly used for this purpose include metal corrosion coupons, instantaneous corrosion rate meters, and heated surfaces such as test heat exchangers and the Betz MonitAll apparatus. However, it cant be hardened and strengthened using standard heating and quenching techniques. Liquid-Metal Corrosion Liquid metals can also cause corrosion failures. hbbd``b`}$@/*E@I$ l ($a$A,D2rw8$ @Wdk:^ $ The basic difference is that s/s has very little carbon and is alloyed with chromium, nickel, molybdenum and other elements to improve its . The corrosion rate is found to be almost negligible in the coupons of mild steel treated with CHA and HMI. Keywords: mild steel, atmospheric corrosion, vapor phase corrosion inhibitors, Eschke Test, American Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, 2013 1 (3), Rajendran, S., Apparao, B. V., Palaniswamy, N., Corrosion and its Control, Proc. The noble metal can be any metal that has lesser reactivity compared to aluminium. The inhibition performance and mechanism of loquat leaves extract (LLE) for the corrosion of mild steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 were investigated using weight loss method, electrochemical measurements and . al [15] suggested toluylalanine as an effective temporary inhibitor of steel in wet atmosphere. RELATED: Best Aluminum Finish for Corrosion Protection. Studies on the corrosion inhibition potentials of adenine (AD), guanine (GU), hypoxanthine (HYP) and xanthine (XN) on mild steel and aluminium in 0.1 M solutions of HCl, H 2 SO 4 and H 3 PO 4 were carried out using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarisation and gravimetric techniques. This common type of corrosion is essentially due to the presence of moisture aided by improper detailing or constant exposure to alternate wetting and drying. It is clear from Figure 1 that all the four investigated VPCIs shows very high PCIE i.e. Corrosion of the anode may be 100 to 1,000 times greater than if the two areas were the same. In recent years, steel pipe manufacturers in China try to make a . Examples . How to prevent mild steel pipe from corrosion in projects Pitting corrosion reduces the load-carrying capacity of the member 2.5 times more than the uniform corrosion. What is Mild Steel? an in depth technical guide - metals4U Format), Citation-(BibTeX 40.0C. All different types of corrosion are explained by NACE certified Corrosion Specialist . It was observed that aromatic nitrogen bases like N-N-dimethyl aniline shows slightly less percentage corrosion inhibition efficiency (96.0%) whereas strong bases of aliphatic compounds like Cyclohexyl amine, Hexamethylene imine and morpholine shows high PCIE (98.0%) for mild steel. D., Development and testing of all organic volatile corrosion. A large area of 'cathode' relative to 'anode' will accelerate the anodic corrosion. ,@g| , Then these coupons were transferred to a digitally controlled humidity chamber maintained at 85.0 % humidity at a constant temperature of 40C for 10 days. Best Aluminum Finish for Corrosion Protection, SS Vs. SUS Is There a Difference? Academic Press, New York, 1968, 149. Coatings | Free Full-Text | Green Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel by Kumar, Harish, and Vikas Yadav. Mild steel (ASTM-283) used for the investigation was in the form of sheet (0.025cm thick) and had the following composition: C, 0.17;Si, 0.35;Mn, 0.42;S, 0.05;P, 0.20;Ni, 0.01;Cu, 0.01;Cr, 0.01;Fe, balance (w/w). After exposing the pre weighed mild steel coupons to VPCI in air thermostat for 24 hours, they were transferred to Salt Spray Chamber having 3.0% sodium chloride solution maintained at constant temperature of 40C for duration of 10 days along with blank specimens. studies on the mechanisms of mild steel corrosion in the marine Metallic corrosion is estimated to amount to 4% of a developed country's GDP per year. An unfavorable area ratio is a large cathode and a small anode. Properties of Mild Steel | Metal Supplies [6] The silicon is added to the aluminium bath to create a thinner layer of aluminium on the steel. Under cyclic or repeated stress conditions, rupture of protective oxide films that prevent corrosion takes place at a greater rate than that at which new protective films can be formed. With this combination the affect of relative surface area on corrosion is important. Weight loss (mg), corrosion rate (MPY) and PCIE of all the four investigated VPCIs at a temperature of 40.0C by salt spray method were shown in Table 4. The PCIE follows the order i.e. However, when temperatures are high enough to concentrate chlorides on the stainless surface, cracking may occur when the chloride concentration in the surrounding media is a few parts per million. Corros. The most damaging are liquid metals which penetrate the metal along grain boundaries to cause catastrophic failure. Galvanic corrosion occurs when two different metals have physical or electrical contact with each other and are immersed in a common electrolyte, or when the same metal is exposed to electrolyte with different concentrations. Pits are clearly visible in the images of blank coupons of mild steel showing pitting type of corrosion in absence of VPCI. 932357. The mating aluminum plate had corrosive flakes of material built up on it, but once removed, the plate looked OK. General Home Preparedness for You and Your Family, Manifestation Guide: How To Manifest Anything You Want, Electromagnetic Radiation and Human Health, 1.6 -1.4 -1.2 -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 (Active) Volts (Noble). One comparison youve probably made before is mild steel vs aluminum. It is under these conditions that aluminum will react with another dissimilar metal, and galvanic corrosion will occur. Because of its unique properties like, very cheap, high strength, hardness and easy availability, it has wide range of applications in nut bolt, chains, hinges, knives, armour, pipes, magnets, military equipments etc. The presence of more number of lone pairs in the inhibitor enhances their inhibition efficiency but presence of unsaturation and bulky alkyl groups near lone pair carrier atom retard their action due the resonance stabilization and steric hindrance respectively. connected to a 10-mm thick mild steel structural support. ), = weight loss of substance (kg), = temperature (K), = molecular mass of the inhibitor (kg) and = gas constant (8.314JK-1mol-1). The corrosion performance of mild steel (MS) in 1M HCl solution was examined by weight loss (WL), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), electrochemical . Aluminums greatest attribute is that it simply doesnt rust. Austenitic stainless steels stabilized with niobium (columbium) or titanium to decrease carbide formation or containing less than 0.03 percent carbon are normally not susceptible to grain-boundary deterioration when heated in the given temperature range. This technique is employed for the surface study of mild steel coupons to know about nature and type of corrosion using SEM technique. However, failures of this kind have been known to occur at lower stresses. See today's exchange rates and convert currencyhere. Tuken Yazici, T. and Erbil, B., Progress in organic coating, 50, 2004, 115. hZ[sxlcNg:Iqq@KFNIQ_zN40@o[KmB8W$NBTjAZc?&&Pr !V%0 cK u A 4$cCh"411 o!RP,Hh$Dn@(f)U0(fh% 4by!pXK^#h 3(F&'0PhblU0aH90?Db+{k7/bx8+?AL|}M?Ay8HDl$)L/|M/oo3GOg[i^zd H-%& QP02cDaLOSi}],2 z+P\@xi-O~E IW VFh+1D1FEJ)v8}[nx"%y$V&l(+c=%0_s$qFhK-. Atmospheric corrosion also known as vapor phase corrosion (VPC) is due to the individual and combined action of oxygen, moisture, and atmospheric pollutants. There is uniform type of corrosion on mild steel coupons treated with DMA. endstream endobj 660 0 obj <> endobj 661 0 obj <> endobj 662 0 obj <>stream Mild steel is used as main raw material in fabrication of equipment, chief material of construction and fabrication of weapons. A large area of 'cathode' relative to 'anode' will accelerate the anodic corrosion. Thousands of failing lights would have to be replaced, at an estimated cost of $54 million. Fixing Corrosion Between Anodized Aluminum and Steel 11, 2004, 459-464. The chlorides may be leached from the insulation or may be present in the water when it enters the insulation. Detrimental effects caused by photochemical reactions of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides have been demonstrated by Stern [9]. Aluminum is likely to be more expensive. Serious stress-corrosion-cracking failures have occurred when chloride-containing hydrotest water was not promptly removed from stainless-steel systems. Steel is more resistant to corrosion. The result is failure by embrittlement, cracking, and blistering. 96.48. Yes and No, McHone Industries Adds Stamping Press to Metalworking Capabilities, 303 Vs 304 Vs 316 Stainless: Comparing the Most Popular Steels. Corrosion has a significant role in reducing the ductility of the steel. Does bright mild steel rust? Explained by FAQ Blog Many kinds of morpholine oligomer (MPO) as VPI for the temporary protection of box shaped hatch covers and rudder blades of large ships at Hudong Shipyard have been studied by Zhang et al. Corrosion of structural steel - SteelConstruction.info You don't have too much worry. So yes, there are ways around this weakness, but they have their limits too. So the choice often depends on a careful balance of weight and cost requirements. Although its generally referred to as carbon steel, mild steel is actually just one grade of carbon steel. On contact with the metal surface, the vapors of the VPCI are condensed and are hydrolyzed by moisture to release protective ions. Kraft papers of suitable size were dipped in the VPCI for 30 second and then dried to adsorb uniform layer of the inhibitor on the Kraft papers. Mild Steel - All You Need to Know | Fractory Corrosion: Reasons and solution - Alumeco [Pg.242] Steel Corrosion: 7 Things to Know and Understand If these are not used, there is risk of galvanic corrosion. Avoiding galvanic corrosion with dissimilar metals Corrosion rate was also found to . MVPs. Fretting Corrosion This attack occurs when metals slide over each other and cause mechanical damage to one or both. pp34-39. Corrosion - Wikipedia For example, it occurs in common dirt and debris as well as in environments where the water cannot be led away from the metal.Examples of typical damages in connection with galvanic corrosion: If aluminium is to be used in maritime environments and thus must be resistant to seawater in order to prevent corrosion, it is recommended pursuant to standard EN13195: 2009 to use a large proportion of 5000 and 6000 series alloys for maritime projects. Plenum Press, New York, 1996. The vapor phase corrosion inhibitors (VPCI) play a significant role in minimizing corrosion to metals and their alloy in atmospheric condition by producing vapors with sufficient vapor pressure due to their volatile nature, and prevent the metal or alloys from corrosion by adsorption of their vapors onto the metal surface. 5. Citation-(RIS Mild steel contains a small amount of carbon and provides material properties that are acceptable for many applications. Conversely, under similar conditions, if the vapor pressure of VPCI is too high (approx. Inhibition of Mild Steel and Aluminium Corrosion in 1M H 2 SO 4 by Effect of oxygen concentration on corrosion at . Typical examples include cracking of cold-formed brass in ammonia environments, cracking of austenitic stainless steels in the presence of chlorides, cracking of Monel in hydrofluosilicic acid, and caustic embrittlement cracking of steel in caustic solutions. Narayan, R., An Introduction to Metallic Corrosion and its Prevention, 1st ed, Oxford and IBH, 1983. In metal fabrication and manufacturing, material choice can make a big difference in real-world outcomes. Figure shows the half-reactions of rusting. [DX>f EBli This is often encountered around propellers, rudders, and struts and in pumps. The exchange of electrons between one substance (the anode) an Continue Reading Sponsored by Dlubal Software It is the most common corrosion of metal around. Mild Steel Vs Aluminum: 5 Differences You Should Care About If aluminium is exposed to very strong acid or alkaline environments outside the pH range 4 to 9, violent corrosion will occur in the form of metal pitting. Du kan skrive mlene i felterne og f beregnet en pris med det samme. The choice of a chemical compound as VPCIs depends upon on its vapor pressure and efficiency to prevent corrosion by forming a protective film. This prevents rust and corrosion of Steel which provides Steel corrosion-resistant properties. Corrosion Characteristics of Mild Steel under Different Atmospheric Tensile stresses at the surface, usually of a magnitude equal to the yield stress, are necessary to produce stress-corrosion cracking. It is clear from the Figure 3 that all the four investigated VPCIs shows very high PCIE i.e. Typically mild steel has a yield strength of about fy=250MPa with allowable stresses in Tension, 0.6fy=150MPa Bending, 0.66fy=165MPa . Although its generally referred to as carbon steel, mild steel is actually just one grade of carbon steel. How Does Corrosion Affect Tensile Strength of Steel? If the temperature is higher and particularly if the concentration is above about 30 percent, cracking at and adjacent to non-stress-relieved welds frequently occurs. For marine or other high chloride applications, the HDG coating can experience moderate-to-aggressive corrosion and noticeably impact the performance of the galvanizing unless . Mild steel have good strength, hard and can be bent, worked or can be welded into an endless variety of shapes for uses from vehicles (like cars and ships) to building materials. Subrumanian, A., Gopalakrishan, R., Bhupati, C. S., Balakrishan, K., Vasudevan, T. Natesan, M. and Rengaswamy, N. S., Morpholine and its derivatives as Vapor Phase Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel,. Experimental and theoretical study on the corrosion inhibition of mild Example of aluminium plate attacked by corrosion, Typical example of aluminium exposed to galvanic corrosion, Aluminium workpiece before corrosion attack, Aluminium workpiece exposed for pitting corrosion. Corrosion in Carbon Steels - IspatGuru Although aluminum on its own has inherently superior corrosion resistance to steel, galvanic action between the aluminum and steel or galvanized parts can lead to severe . Percentage corrosion inhibition efficiency was found to be in the order Cyclohexyl amine > Hexamethylene imine > Morpholine > N-N-dimethyl aniline in weight loss and salt spray corrosion experiments. 2@ BHee2Ri ulii+BAf)[lq\`. Stresses induced by rivets and bolts and by press and shrink fits can also be classified as residual stresses. Corrosion rates were found to increase as temperature increased, but decreased in the presence of the . Mild steel, including galvanised products, is recyclable. 1.6 -1.4 -1.2 -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 (Active) Volts (Noble) . Corrosion build up between Aluminum and Steel plates Baligim, S. A., Compets Rendus de 2eme Europeen Symposium Sur Les Inhibiteurs de Corrosion, Ann. In handling caustic, as-welded steel can be used without developing caustic-embrittlement cracking if the temperature is below 50C (120F). Definite amount of exactly weighed VPCIs were placed in a single neck round bottom flask fitted with a rubber cork in the neck having a glass capillary of 1.0mm diameter in the center of rubber cork. In addition, there are a few other tips for protecting you mild steel pipe against corrosion in service, for instance a coating of grease or oil maintained on a metal surface. [13] Lasagna cell [ edit] Subramanian et. The use of harder materials and changes in velocity or environment are methods employed to prevent erosion attack. Mild steel is generally considered to be a good all-around engineering material. Persiantsava, V. P., Chemistry Review in Corrosion, Soviet Scientific Reviews of Mascow, OSSR, 8(2), 1987, 64. [20] studied the inhibiting properties of five organic vapor phase inhibitors namely, derivatives of imidazoline maleate, orthophosphate, nitrobenzoate, phthalate, cinnamate on mild steel, brass and copper. Mild steel is a type of low carbon steel. There are different grades of mild steel. Additional contributors to VPC are rain, snow, dust, soot, ash, wind, and radiation (light, heat, etc.). Review on corrosion resistance of mild steels in liquid aluminum In automobile manufacturing, for example, manufacturers use a careful combination of sheet metal and aluminum to balance: The answer depends on what you are trying to accomplish.
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