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The 19th century was a period of great change and rapid industrialization. The agreement granted $63.75million to the Seattle Seven, but stipulated that the seafood companies would have to repay almost all of any punitive damages awarded in other civil proceedings. Thick oil and heavy kelp tended to clog the A controversial method that was used by the companies to clean up the Exxon Valdez oil spill was to use chemical dispersants, which theoretically would break down the oil and, therefore, allow . For more information, please see History: Exxon Valdez Oil Spill. Alyeska opened an emergency For more than 45 minutes after the grounding, the captain attempted to maneuver free of the reef despite being informed by First Mate James Kunkel that the vessel was not structurally sound without the reef supporting it.[11]. dispersants was performed. facility to clean oil from otters, and the International Bird Research Center [15], Chemical dispersant, a surfactant and solvent mixture, was applied to the slick by a private company on March 24 with a helicopter, but the helicopter missed the target area. March 25, the Alaska Regional Response Team was brought together by Now, Chemical & Engineering News (C&EN), the weekly newsmagazine of the American Chemical Society, takes a look at the lessons scientists are learning from these . It wasn't. The legislation included a clause that prohibits any vessel that, after March 22, 1989, has caused an oil spill of more than 1million US gallons (3,800m3) in any marine area, from operating in Prince William Sound. On March 24, 1989, the Exxon Valdezoil tanker heading for Long Beach, California, from Alaska, struck Prince William Sound 's Reef. Exxon Valdez, an oil supertanker owned by Exxon Shipping Company bound for Long Beach, California struck Prince William Sound 's Bligh Reef, 1.5 mi (2.4 km) west of Tatitlek, Alaska at 12:04 a.m. and spilled 10.8 million US gallons (257,000 bbl) (or 37,000 tonnes) [1] of crude oil over the next few days. References This page was last changed on 17 April 2019, at 08:31. . fire did not endanger the main slick or the Exxon Valdez because of One commonly used brand name is Corexit, but there are dozens of different dispersant mixtures. Anchorage lawyer Dennis Mestas found that this was true for 6,722 of 11,000 worker files he was able to inspect, despite access to the records being controlled by Exxon. Animal rescue . Contact the Emergency Response webmaster to ask a question, provide feedback, or report a problem. At the helm, the third mate may never have collided with Bligh Reef had he looked at his RAYCAS radar. [2], The Exxon Valdez spill is the second largest in U.S. waters, after the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill, in terms of volume of oil released. respond to, a disaster of such magnitude. A U.S. Coast Guard at USCG investigator, along with a representative from the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation, visited the scene of the incident to assess the damage. certain bacteria and fungi) are capable of facilitating the biodegradation of oil. Exxon Valdez laid to rest; Nature. Exxon conducted more tests with chemical dispersants Saturday night, but the tests were inconclusive because conditions Sea otters once again play in the waters of Alaska's Prince William Sound, and salmon and some other species have rebounded. 17. Dispersant was used in an attempt to clean up the Exxon Valdez oil Spill in the year 1989, though its use was discontinued as there was not enough wave action to mix the dispersant with the oil in the water. 5.8 million gallons of oil drained from the ship within 3 hours and 15 minutes. Landowners, fishing groups, and conservation organizations questioned the use of chemicals on hundreds of miles of shoreline when other alternatives might have been available. The long-term ecological impacts of the Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS) are compared to two extensively studied and more recent large spills: Deepwater Horizon (DWH) and the Hebei Spirit oil spill (HSOS). cleaning techniques were approved. In 2002, the European Union banned single-hulled tankers and the former Exxon Valdez moved to Asian waters. In a 1990 trial he was charged with criminal mischief, reckless endangerment, and piloting a vessel while intoxicated, but was cleared of the three charges. Other factors, according to an MIT course entitled "Software System Safety" by Professor Nancy G. Leveson,[19] included: This disaster resulted in International Maritime Organization introducing comprehensive marine pollution prevention rules (MARPOL) through various conventions. Repairs began on July 30. In August 2012, she was beached at Dalian, China, and dismantled. Alyeska, the association that represents seven oil companies who operate in Valdez, including Exxon, first assumed responsibility for the cleanup, in accordance with the area's contingency planning. the recovery efforts. [2] The oil industry promised, but never installed, state-of-the-art iceberg monitoring equipment. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Chemical Dispersants. The court of appeals cited recent Supreme Court rulings relative to limits on punitive damages. That's unquestionably the case as we approach the 29 th anniversary of the disastrous Exxon Valdez oil spill. Alyeska, the association that represents seven oil companies who operate in . According to the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, a group of state and federal trustees in charge of working with the public and scientists to oversee the spending of the $900 million. The Exxon Valdez oil spill occurred March 24, 1989, in Prince William Sound. It killed an estimated 250,000 sea birds, 3,000 otters, 300 seals, 250 bald eagles and 22 killer whales. In the ship is a portrait of their patron saint, Joseph Hazelwood. OIL SPILL PREPARED FOR : PROF. MADYA. Abstract. able to recover, the same cannot be said for the herring population, which even At around midnight on March 24 Cousins began to maneuver the vessel into the traffic lanes. Today, 20 years after the largest spill in U.S. waters, the oil that gushed from the hull of the Exxon Valdez is still having effects. Adequate resources for this task did not reach the accident scene quickly Exxon was widely criticized for its slow response to cleaning up the disaster and John Devens, the mayor of Valdez, said his community felt betrayed by Exxon's inadequate response to the crisis. Because there was not enough wave action to mix the On-Scene Coordinator had authority for all activities related to the cleanup EPA specialists in the use of experimental bioremediation technologies assisted in the spill cleanup and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration at NOAA was involved in providing weather forecasts for Prince William Sound, allowing the cleanup team to adapt their methods to changing weather conditions. The sea otter population didnt recover to its pre-spill levels until 2014, twenty-five years after the spill. The dispersants introduced were relatively ineffective due to insufficient wave action to mix the oil and water, and their use was shortly abandoned. By noon on Friday, JavaScript appears to be disabled on this computer. [39], In October 1989, Exxon filed a suit against the State of Alaska, claiming that the state had interfered with Exxon's attempts to clean up the spill by refusing to approve the use of dispersant chemicals until the night of the 26th. The ecologically sensitive location, season of the year, and large scale of this spill resulted in one of the largest environmental disasters in U.S. history. Chemical Dispersant Research Paper 1080 Words | 5 Pages. The song is written in the style of a sea shanty. Valdez, including Exxon, first assumed responsibility for the cleanup, in [34][35], The remaining oil lasting far longer than anticipated has resulted in more long-term losses of species than had been expected. At four minutes after midnight on March 24, the ship struck Bligh Reef, a well-known navigation hazard in Alaskas Prince William Sound. Despite the identification of sensitive areas and the rapid start-up of shoreline cleaning, however, wildlife rescue was slow. . On the evening of March 23, 1989, Exxon Valdez left the port of Valdez, Alaska, bound for Long Beach, California, with 53 million gallons of Prudhoe Bay crude oil onboard. Some of the methods tried to clean up the oil were: burning, mechanical cleaning, and chemical dispersants. This caused the ship to spill more than 11. . The dispersant Cortex 9580 Scientists who have monitored the spill area for the last 25 years report that concern remains for one of two pods of local orca whales, with fears that one pod may eventually die out. Today, tank hulls provide better protection against spills [41], Also, in 1991, Exxon made a quiet, separate financial settlement of damages with a group of seafood producers known as the Seattle Seven for the disaster's effect on the Alaskan seafood industry. Exxon blamed Hazelwood for the grounding of the tanker, but he accused the corporation of making him a scapegoat. By then the oil spill covered an area of 12 square miles. "[52] Exxon recovered a significant portion of clean-up and legal expenses through insurance claims associated with the grounding of Exxon Valdez. [64], In 1991, following the collapse of the local marine population (particularly clams, herring, and seals) the Chugach Alaska Corporation, an Alaska Native Corporation, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. "Equally important is. Five years ago this week, engineers stopped the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill the largest one in U.S. history, easily displacing the Exxon Valdez spill from the top spot. The State of Alaska disputed this claim, stating that there was a long-standing agreement to allow the use of dispersants to clean up spills, thus Exxon did not require permission to use them, and that, in fact, Exxon had not had enough dispersant on hand to effectively handle a spill of the size created by Exxon Valdez. became burning the oil, mechanical cleanup (using booms and skimmers), and the communications center in Valdez shortly after the spill was reported and set up [45], After more appeals, in December 2006 the damages award was cut to $2.5billion. The Exxon Valdez oil spill was a manmade disaster that occurred when Exxon Valdez, an oil tanker owned by the Exxon Shipping Company, spilled 11 million gallons of crude oil into Alaskas Prince William Sound on March 24, 1989. . [48] In a decision issued June 25, 2008, written by Justice David Souter, the court vacated the $2.5billion award and remanded the case back to the lower court, finding that the damages were excessive with respect to maritime common law. Alyeska opened an emergency communications center in Valdez shortly after the spill was reported and set up a second operations center in Anchorage, Alaska. Exxon Valdez, an oil tanker owned by Exxon Shipping Company, accidentally stuck a reef and spilled 10.8 million US gallons of crude oil into Prince William Sound, Alaska, creating the 2nd worst oil spill in America and one of the worst environmental disasters in history. A fire-resistant boom was placed on tow lines, and two ends of the boom were each attached to a ship. A fire-resistant boom hours following the spill. Cousins helped the pilot disembark from the vessel, leaving the captain as the only officer on the bridge. Main article: Exxon Valdez oil spill Alaska had fewer than 4,000 gallons of dispersants available at the time of the Exxon Valdez oil spill, and no aircraft with which to dispense them. Dispersants work much like the detergent soap that you use to clean grease from your dishes (but dispersants are less toxic). 8 out of 11 cargo holds were punctured. "[3][24][25], According to a report by David Kirby for TakePart, the main component of the Corexit formulation used during cleanup, 2-butoxyethanol, was identified as "one of the agents that caused liver, kidney, lung, nervous system, and blood disorders among cleanup crews in Alaska following the 1989 Exxon Valdez spill.[26]. But killer whale populations have not recovered, and the huge schools of whirling . The use of dispersants proved to be controversial. It has since recovered. There it was renamed the Exxon Mediterranean, then the SeaRiver Mediterranean and finally the S/R Mediterranean. Fishermen went bankrupt, and the economies of small shoreline towns, including Valdez and Cordova, suffered in the following years. Approximately 11 million gallons of oil spilled into the Sound . Three methods were tried in the effort to clean up the spill: A trial burn was conducted during the early stages of the spill. a representative from the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation, Exxon conducted more tests with chemical dispersants Saturday night, but the tests were inconclusive because conditions were too calm (chemical dispersants require wave action to be effective). Dust Bowl Around World War I, homesteaders flocked in mass to the southern Great Plains, where they replaced the native grasses that held the topsoil in place with wheat and other crops. All Rights Reserved. Exxon Shipping Company failed to properly maintain the. [40], Exxon filed claims in October 1990 against the Coast Guard, asking to be reimbursed for cleanup costs and damages awarded to plaintiffs in any lawsuits filed by the State of Alaska or the federal government against Exxon. Rice SD (2006) Vertical distribution and probability of encountering intertidal Exxon Valdez oil on shorelines of three embayments within Prince William Sound, Alaska. On 24 March 1989, the Exxon Valdez left the prescribed shipping channel lane off the coast of Alaska to avoid icebergs, but instead it ran aground on Bligh Reef, where it ruptured 8 of its 11 cargo tanks. The vessel was traveling outside normal shipping lanes in an attempt to avoid ice. The spill was the largest in U.S. history and tested the abilities of local, national, and industrial organizations to prepare for, and respond to, a disaster of such magnitude. Considered by many to be one of the most successful of Roosevelts New Deal programs, the CCC planted more than three read more, Arbor Daywhich literally translates to tree day from the Latin origin of the word arboris a holiday that celebrates the planting, upkeep and preservation of trees. waterfowl. ", "Companies in Crisis What not to do when it all goes wrong", "Scuba Techniques Used to Assess the Effects of the, "Effects of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill on Birds: Comparisons of Pre- and Post-Spill Surveys in Prince William Sound, Alaska", "Exxon Valdez oil spill still a threat: study", "25 years later, scientists still spot traces of oil from Exxon Valdez spill", "Exxon Valdez 25 years after the Alaska oil spill, the court battle continues", "Large-Scale Impacts of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: Can Local Disturbance Affect Distant Ecosystems through Migratory Shorebirds? Three methods were tried in the effort to clean up the spill: A trial burn was conducted during the early stages of the spill. areas and the rapid start-up of shoreline cleaning, however, Sound's commercial fishing industry. . The ship docked at the Valdez Marine Terminal[10] at 11:30p.m. on March 22, 1989. The damaged oil tanker Exxon Valdez, towed out of Alaska's Prince William Sound by a tugboat and a U.S. Coast Guard Cutter, on June 23, 1989. Chemical Dispersants A trial burn was conducted during the early stages of the spill. Despite civilian insistence for a complete cleanup, only 10% of total oil was actually completely cleaned. investigation, it was discovered that many organisms had accumulated the Critics said the video misrepresented the clean-up process. The Exxon Valdez wasnot fully encircled by containment booms until Saturday afternoon, 36 hours after the accident. As the plan evolved in the 1990s, one of the two routine tugboats was replaced with a 210-foot (64m) Escort Response Vehicle (ERV). Finally, on Sunday after-noon, about 60 hours after the accident, Exxon was given Coast Guard permission to use chem-ical dispersants. On March 24, 1989 the oil tanker Exxon Valdez ran aground in Prince William Sound, Alaska, spilling 11 million gallons of oil. throughout the main portion of the slick until the boom was full of oil. . [77], In the second Forrest Gump novel, Gump and Co. by Winston Groom, Gump commandeers Exxon Valdez and accidentally crashes it. accessible only by helicopter and boat, made government and industry efforts visited the scene of the incident to assess the damage. [38], As of 2012, the indirect and long-term sublethal effects of oil on shorebirds had been measured in relatively few studies. The major part of the money would be spent to finish cleaning up oiled beaches and attempting to restore the crippled herring population. Courtesy the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council The "highly unlikely" devastated 28 types of animals, from mussels and clams to salmon, bald eagles, cormorants, and killer whales. Chaos ensued. Shortly after the spill, mechanical cleanup was started using booms and skimmers. [citation needed] Senate Judiciary Committee Chairman Patrick J. Leahy has decried the ruling as "another in a line of cases where this Supreme Court has misconstrued congressional intent to benefit large corporations. Because Prince William Sound contained many rocky coves where the oil was collected, the decision was made to displace it with high-pressure hot water. Control and Cleanup Controlled burns Mechanical Booms Skimmers Permanent storage containers Chemical dispersants Sensitive environments were identified, defined according to degree of cleanup, and then ranked for their . Many factors complicated the cleanup The Oriental Nicety was sold for scrap to an Indian company and dismantled in 2012. The dispersants were controversial, and it was unclear if they would work or cause even more harm. Toxicity of Deepwater Horizon Source Oil and the Chemical Dispersant, Corexit 9500, to Coral Larvae. [78], Composer Jonathan Larson wrote a song called "Iron Mike" about the oil spill. 11 Chemical Dispersants. PREPARED BY : . Sensitive environments were identified, defined according to degree of cleanup, and then ranked for their priority for cleanup. Of significance is the fact that the Corexit 9527 was sprayed on the 11-million gallon oil slick created by the Exxon Valdez spill, and cleanup workers reportedly suffered health problems afterward, including blood in their urine as well as kidney and liver disorders, attributed to 2-Butoxyethanol. . Exxon then appealed to the Supreme Court, which agreed to hear the case. [47] On February 27, 2008, the Supreme Court heard oral arguments. A fire-resistant boom was placed on tow lines, and two ends of the boom were each attached to a ship. This page was last edited on 1 November 2022, at 21:23. Published March 29, 2009 It is 20 years since the Exxon Valdez supertanker ran aground in Alaska, spilling 38,000 tonnes of crude oil into the sheltered waters of a picturesque sound. [33] A study by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA in Juneau, determined that by 2001 approximately 90 tonnes of oil remained on beaches in Prince William Sound in the sandy soil of the contaminated shoreline, with annual loss rates declining from 68% per year prior to 1992, to 4% per year after 2001. [31][32], Although the volume of oil has declined considerably, with oil remaining only about 0.140.28% of the original spilled volume, studies suggest that the area of oiled beach has changed little since 1992. Dispersants do not reduce the amount of oil entering the environment, but push the effects of the spill underwater. Download Table | -1: Subjective Reports of Dispersant Effectiveness During the "Exxon Valdez" Incident from publication: Advice on the Use of Chemical Dispersants for Oil Spills in Natura 2000 . The Exxon Valdez disaster dramatically changed all of that, taking a major toll on wildlife. were not readily available during the first 24 Dispersant was also used on the Deepwater Horizon Spill at the Gulf of Mexico in 2010, recorded by The National Academies Press Continued bad weather slowed down the recovery efforts. The spill posed threats to the delicate food chain that supports Prince William Sound's commercial fishing industry. Riki Ott, a biologist, activist and fisher from Cordova, Alaska, who's written two books about the Exxon Valdez spill, said the link between respiratory problems and exposure to oil and chemicals . The lingering of oil from the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS) in some of the Prince William Sound (PWS) beaches, Alaska poses a scientific challenge, because various studies expected the oil. Although sufficient supplies of a chemical . However, this also displaced and destroyed the microbial populations on the shoreline; many of these organisms (e.g. the distance separating them. [70][71] The village of Chenega was transformed into an emergency base and media outlet. accordance with the area's contingency planning. Although over time, the salmon species was Exxon, meanwhile, responded by burning floating oil and dumping toxic oil-based chemicals called "dispersants".. Upon However, skimmers were not readily available during the first 24 hours following the spill. The Council has long endorsed mechanical recovery as the primary tool to clean up an oil spill. This incident has become one of the greatest environmental disasters of the entire generation caused by human error. Congress enacted legislation requiring all tankers to be double-hulled as of 2015. Dispersant use in the Exxon Valdez Spill On March 24, 1989, the oil tanker, Exxon Valdez, hit the Bligh Reef in Prince William Sound, Alaska. movement by the waves, the dispersant was not able to properly interact with Cousins ordered a course change as the ship was in danger. [44], Meanwhile, Exxon appealed the ruling, and the 9th U.S. involved in providing weather forecasts for Prince William Sound, allowing the Chemical Dispersants A trial burn was conducted during the early stages of the spill. The Exxon Valdez oil spill was a manmade disaster that occurred when Exxon Valdez, an oil tanker owned by the Exxon Shipping Company, spilled 11 million gallons of crude oil into Alaska's. The region is a habitat for salmon, sea otters, seals, and seabirds. However, due to the long hours that the second mate had worked, Cousins was reluctant to wake him, and remained on duty. The Exxon Valdez disaster led to the examination of oil spill prevention rules and regulations in the US. In addition, a trial application of Britain stores dispersants at 12 huge depots along the coast, but Exxon did not have anywhere near enough dispersant close to the Valdez to control a large spill. Schedule In-Home Water Test The Coast Guard quickly expanded its presence on the scene, and personnel from other Federal agencies also arrived to help. difficult and tested existing plans for dealing with such an event. According to the conclusions of ExxonMobil's study: "We've done 350 peer-reviewed studies of Prince William Sound, and those studies conclude that Prince William Sound has recovered, it's healthy and it's thriving. Exxon denied this in a statement to CNN: After 20 years, there is no evidence suggesting that either cleanup workers or the residents of the communities affected by the Valdez spill have had any adverse health effects as a result of the spill or its cleanup.[73]. Environmental officials purposefully left some areas of shoreline untreated so they could study the effect of cleanup measures, some of which were unproven at the time. Bligh Reef, Prince William Sound, Alaska 1989-Mar-24. SOM. Repairs to damaged skimmers were time consuming. Corexit was also used in the Exxon Valdez spill and was later linked to health problems including respiratory, nervous system, liver, kidney, and blood disorders. However, after a number of appeals, the U.S. Supreme Court reduced the amount to $507.5 million. The Exxon Valdez started spilling its cargo into the Prince William Sound, ultimately about 11 million gallons of crude oil. [37] Federal scientists estimate that between 16,000 and 21,000 US gallons (61 to 79 m3) of oil remains on beaches in Prince William Sound and up to 450 miles (725km) away. The ship began running oil transport routes in Europe, where single-hulled oil tankers were still allowed. Exxon claimed OPA was effectively a bill of attainder, a regulation that was unfairly directed at Exxon alone. discontinued. They work by breaking up oil slicks into lots of small droplets, similar to how dish detergent breaks up the greasy mess on a lasagna pan. Study Resources. I'm feeling like BP is forcing them into this situation where BP holds all the cards, and BP is letting these workers get sick, In 1992, Exxon released a video titled Scientists and the Alaska Oil Spill for distribution to schools. Transferring oil On November 26, 1984 Ronald A. Kreizenbeck(Director, Alaska Operations Office) informed the Coast Guard that the EPA suspected, due to a recent site-visitation during a 'Annual Marine Drill' that the Port of Valdez was not prepared to 'efficiently respond to a major spill event'. "[51], Exxon's official position was that punitive damages greater than $25million were not justified because the spill resulted from an accident, and because Exxon spent an estimated $2billion cleaning up the spill and a further $1billion to settle related civil and criminal charges. The Exxon Valdez was a huge tanker, a ship built to carry large amounts of oil. Just after midnight on March 24, 1989, the tanker Exxon Valdez grounded on Bligh Reef in Alaska's Prince William Sound. Katrina was said to have knocked out 95% of oil production in the Gulf, which is a key supplier for the U.S. economy. EPA specialists in the use of His first action was to immediately close the Port of Valdez to all Scientists have returned to Mearns Rock every summer since the spill to photograph the plants and small critters growing on it. 250,000 barrels of crude (or 10.8 million gallons) were released into the Gulf of Alaska after the oil tanker Exxon. A private company applied dispersants on March 24, with a helicopter "[49] The punitive damages were further reduced to an amount of $507.5million. "The storm that came through on Sunday night moved the oil way out beyond our reaches and the use of dispersants was canceled," he said. a second operations center in Anchorage, Alaska. In 2008 the vessel was acquired by a Hong Kong company that operated her as Dong Fang Ocean, then in 2011 renamed her Oriental Nicety. [50] The Court's ruling was that maritime punitive damages should not exceed the compensatory damages,[50] supported by a precedent dating from 1818. His first action was to immediately close the Port of Valdez to all traffic. 30 minutes after numerous attempts to dislodge the ship under her own power, Captain Hazelwood radioed the Coast Guard informing them of the grounding. A private company applied dispersants on March 24, with a helicopter and dispersant bucket. and dispersant bucket. Hazelwood said he felt Alaskans always gave him a fair shake. Holland increased the punitive damages to $4.5billion, plus interest. burning nor the mechanical cleanup was truly effective in cleaning the oil, so Neither the enough. Species as diverse as sea otters, harlequin ducks, and orcas suffered immediate and long-term losses. Efforts to save sensitive areas were begun early in the cleanup. The single-hulled ship could no longer transport oil in U.S. waters, due to the new regulations. Eleven million gallons of oil leaked, unstopped, from the ship when it hit rocks in 1989. The company converted the old oil tanker to an ore carrier, renaming it the Dong Feng Ocean. activated soon thereafter. It killed hundreds of harbor seals and thousands of sea otters. Following the grounding of the oil tanker Exxon Valdez in 1989, the company and its chief executive, Lawrence Rawl, greatly mishandled the public relations response to the incident. ranked for their priority for cleanup. aircraft. However, skimmers Because there was not enough wave action to mix the dispersant with the oil in the water, the Coast Guard representatives at the site concluded that the dispersants were not working and so their use was discontinued. But on June 22, 1969, aspark flared from the read more, 1. Approximately 1,600 short tons (1,500t) of steel were removed and replaced. The fire did not endanger the main slick or the Exxon Valdez because of the distance separating them. "[38] Alaska state senator Berta Gardner is urging Alaskan politicians to demand that the US government force ExxonMobil to pay the final $92million (57million) still owed from the court settlement. Multiple factors have been identified as contributing to the incident: Captain Hazelwood, who was widely reported to have been drinking heavily that night, was not at the controls when the ship struck the reef. Exxon Valdez, an oil supertanker owned by Exxon Shipping Company bound for Long Beach, California struck Prince William Sound's Bligh Reef, 1.5mi (2.4km) west of Tatitlek, Alaska at 12:04a.m. and spilled 10.8million US gallons (257,000bbl) (or 37,000 tonnes)[1] of crude oil over the next few days. The size of the spill and its remote location, Initial Notification: On March 24, 1989, the tanker Exxon Valdez, en route from Valdez, Alaska to Los Angeles, California, ran aground on Bligh Reef in Prince William Sound, Alaska. 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Transport oil in U.S. waters, due to insufficient wave action to mix the oil were: burning mechanical. Valdez and Cordova, suffered in the ship docked at the Valdez Terminal. Sea otter population didnt recover to its pre-spill levels until 2014, twenty-five years after the spill tried clean... 250,000 barrels of crude oil scrap to an Indian company and dismantled in 2012 of crude oil of! On March 24, the ship struck Bligh Reef, Prince William Sound Alaska! Much like the detergent soap that you use to clean up the oil so... The helm, the ship struck Bligh Reef, Prince William Sound 507.5 million populations have not recovered and. A.gov website belongs to an Indian company and dismantled operate in 24. 'S commercial fishing industry and attempting to restore the crippled herring population punitive damages to 507.5. Estimated 250,000 sea birds, 3,000 otters, harlequin ducks, and the chemical Dispersant, 9500... The identification of sensitive areas were begun early in the United States page last... The amount to $ 507.5 million of cleanup, and the huge schools of.... Unclear if they would work or cause even more harm to degree of cleanup, chemical... Javascript appears to be double-hulled as of 2015 song is written in United... Rescue was slow official government organization in the cleanup the Oriental Nicety was sold for to! 10 % of total oil was actually completely cleaned insufficient wave action to the. On the shoreline ; many of these organisms ( e.g of the spill underwater the grounding of slick... X27 ; s unquestionably the case exxon valdez chemical dispersants the pilot disembark from the ship within 3 hours and minutes. In cleaning the oil tanker to an official government organization in the US Valdez oil spill occurred March 24 the... Accident, Exxon was given Coast Guard permission to use chem-ical dispersants the... 22 killer whales also displaced and destroyed the microbial populations on the shoreline ; of! Scrap to an Indian company and dismantled 10 ] at 11:30p.m, provide,!
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