Prerequisite: either BIOL 180, BIOL 240, B BIO 180, or T BIOL 120.View course details in MyPlan: BIOL 315, BIOL 331 Landscape Plant Recognition (3) NWField recognition of important groups of woody landscape plants, emphasizing diversity at the genus and family levels. [63] The state of Kansas makes no exceptions for artificial insemination under its bestiality law, thus making the procedure illegal. For successful initiation of callus culture, three important criteria should be accomplished: (i) Aseptic preparation of plant material, (ii) Selection of suitable nutrient medium supplemented with appropriate ratio of auxins and cytokinins or only appropriate auxin, and. Offered: A.View course details in MyPlan: BIOL 447, BIOL 448 Mammalogy (5) NSc S. SANTANA MATAStudies evolutionary patterns, ecology, behavior, physiology, and taxonomy of mammals. Explores interactions among biological, chemical, and physical features of lakes and other aquatic habitats. Prerequisite: BIOL 350.View course details in MyPlan: BIOL 488, BIOL 489 Senior Seminar in Plant Biology (1-3, max. The intensity of the absorption varies as a function of frequency, and this variation is the absorption spectrum. It is also common to employ interferometry to determine the spectrumFourier transform infrared spectroscopy is a widely used implementation of this technique. Students engage in laboratory or field research in marine science, involving gathering, analyzing, and communicating results as part of a research team. Prerequisite: BIOL 356.View course details in MyPlan: BIOL 472, BIOL 473 Limnology (3) NWEcology, conservation, and management of inland aquatic ecosystems. Prerequisite: either a minimum grade of 2.5 in either BIOL 220, BIOL 240, B BIO 220, or T BIOL 140, or a minimum grade of 2.0 in BIOL 350.View course details in MyPlan: BIOL 457, BIOL 458 Behavioral Genetics (4) NWRole of genetics in determining variation in human and animal behavior and in regulating behavioral development. Graduate status required, or permission of instructor for undergraduates. (iii) Incubation of culture under controlled physical condition. Intensive introduction into the ecology and analysis of animal movements. He was able to produce the callus culture from the cut piece of stem of Nicotiana tabacum in nutrient medium containing auxins. [18] For the man, a TMS of more than 5 million per ml is optimal. Other methods may be used to insert semen into the vagina notably involving different uses of a conception cap. Artificial insemination is the deliberate introduction of sperm into a female's cervix or uterine cavity for the purpose of achieving a pregnancy through in vivo fertilization by means other than sexual intercourse or in vitro fertilisation.It is a fertility treatment for humans, and is common practice in animal breeding, including dairy cattle (see Frozen bovine semen) and pigs. Genetic variation may also produce phenotypic variation in morphology, behavior, or other observable traits that interact in a complex manner with other genes and/or with the environment. Some donors have their own freezing apparatus to freeze and store their sperm. Insemination in this way means that the sperm do not have to swim through the cervix which is coated with a mucus layer. This is effected under Palestinian ownership and in accordance with the best European and international standards. Infrared and ultravioletvisible spectroscopy are particularly common in analytical applications. He improved breeding efficiency by the use of antibiotics (first proven with penicillin in 1946) to control bacterial growth, decreasing embryonic mortality, and increase fertility. The experiment was conducted with success by the Italian Lazzaro Spallanzani in 1780. Related Biology Terms. In addition, spectral measurements can be used to determine the accuracy of theoretical predictions. In mathematics, we come across many statements that are generalize d in the form of n. To check whether that statement is true for all natural numbers we use the concept of mathematical induction. Offered: S.View course details in MyPlan: BIOL 240, BIOL 250 Marine Biology (3/5) NWLecture-laboratory course in marine biology focusing on physical, biological, and social aspects of the marine environment. Overview of theoretical and empirical evolutionary biology using examples that involve sex and/or death. However, deductive methods are still used to test the hypothesis. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Timing is critical, as the window and opportunity for fertilization is little more than twelve hours from the release of the ovum. Examines the promise that regeneration-competent systems hold for improving outcomes after severe organ damage in humans. [36] In IUI, about 60 to 70% have achieved pregnancy after 6 cycles. Organismal physiology: metabolism, temperature, locomotion, osmoregulation, respiration, circulation, digestion. Prerequisite: either BIOL 350, BIOL 354, or BIOL 356.View course details in MyPlan: BIOL 448, BIOL 449 Applied Phylogenetics (3) NSc A. LEACHEEmphasizes the estimation of species trees - multilocus estimates of species or population relationships as opposed to genealogies of alleles. Prerequisite: either BIOL 350 or BIOL 355.View course details in MyPlan: BIOL 464, BIOL 465 Comparative Endocrinology (3) NScHormonal integration of living processes at all levels in animals: molecules, cells, organs, organisms, populations. 'Washed sperm' may be purchased directly from a sperm bank if donor semen is used, or 'unwashed semen' may be thawed and capacitated before performing IUI insemination, provided that the capacitation leaves a minimum of, usually, five million motile sperm. It's Me, Margaret Study Guide, Create an account to start this course today. Consult the Admissions Exams for Credit website for more information. Examples of this type of variation include levels of metabolite, immune response to antigen challenge, viral resistance, or response to drugs. Offered: SpS.View course details in MyPlan: BIOL 452, BIOL 453 Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates (5) NSc Karen E Petersen, Christian A SidorComparison of the structure of vertebrate organ systems: integument, skeletal, muscle, digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary, and reproductive, with an emphasis on evolutionary trends. Offered: A.View course details in MyPlan: BIOL 381, BIOL 382 Introduction to Athletic Training (Upper Extremity) (-[1-3]-, max. An area of 4mm2 across the cambium is cut from each piece so that each small piece contains part of the phloem, cambium and xylem. [22], Trans individuals who possess eggs and are not taking testosterone can utilize IUI with either a partner or donor's sperm. Absorption spectroscopy refers to spectroscopic techniques that measure the absorption of radiation, as a function of frequency or wavelength, due to its interaction with a sample. So, when you put ice cubes into your hot drink, they absorb the heat energy from the drink, which melts the ice and cools the drink. In fact, the word 'thermal' refers to heat, so you can think of thermal energy as heat energy. No credit if NBIO 301, NBIO 302, or BIOL 461 already taken. Offered: A.View course details in MyPlan: BIOL 270, BIOL 280 The History of Life (4) NSc P. WARDFollows the history of life from its first formation including the origin of life and life's diversification from single cells through multi-celluarity. Offered: jointly with ENVIR 478/FISH 478.View course details in MyPlan: BIOL 478, BIOL 479 Research in Marine Biology (1-15, max. It is certainly different from the magnetic flux density. Discussions may cover the full breadth of the discipline or focus on selected topics.View course details in MyPlan: BIOL 550, BIOL 551 Topics in Evolution and Systematics (1-3, max. Offered: ASp.View course details in MyPlan: BIOL 354, BIOL 355 Foundations in Molecular Cell Biology (3) NScCell biology core course for biological sciences majors. It moves between objects in three different ways. 20)View course details in MyPlan: BIOL 499, BIOL 500 Topics in Biology (1-3, max. Practices scientific writing skills. Credit does not apply to major requirements without approval.View course details in MyPlan: BIOL 293, BIOL 302 Laboratory Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology (4) NSc T. Imaizumi, L. Martin-MorrisExplores the use of various cell and molecular laboratory techniques, such as PCR, cloning, gel electrophoresis, and bacterial transformation through hands-on experiments. [54] John Hargrove, a SeaWorld trainer, describes Kasatka as being the first orca to receive artificial insemination. Prerequisite: minimum grade of 2.0 in BIOL 355.View course details in MyPlan: BIOL 402, BIOL 403 Current Topics in Organismal Biological Research (2) NScCurrent research in primary literature in organismal biology. Offered: A.View course details in MyPlan: BIOL 441, BIOL 442 Mushrooms and Related Fungi (5) NSc Joseph F AmmiratiGeneral biology, ecology, and classification of mushrooms, polypores, puffballs, and other related basidiomycetes. EUPOL COPPS (the EU Coordinating Office for Palestinian Police Support), mainly through these two sections, assists the Palestinian Authority in building its institutions, for a future Palestinian state, focused on security and justice sector reforms. The cells of a multicellular organism are members of a highly organized community. The field of neural development draws on both neuroscience and developmental biology to describe and provide insight into the cellular and The sperm is ideally donated after two or three days of abstinence, without lubrication as the lubricant can inhibit the sperm motility. Size of explants is a critical factor for the induction of callus tissue. Graduate status required, or permission of instructor for undergraduates. Radiation is how something gains heat without touching the heat source. Conduction. He first succeeded in promoting the development of callus tissue from excised cambial tissue of Salix capraea and other woody species. Your result is as below. Prerequisite: either BIOL 350, BIOL 355, BIOL 356, or BIOL 380.View course details in MyPlan: BIOL 466, BIOL 467 Comparative Animal Physiology (3) NSc Adam P. SummersStudies organismal function in an evolutionary context. Laboratory includes local field trips and introduction to regional vertebrate fauna. Offered: AWSpS.View course details in MyPlan: BIOL 399, BIOL 400 Experiments in Molecular Biology (4) NSc Alison Crowe She.Her, Mandy Schivell She.Her, Adam Steinbrenner he.himIntegrated reading, writing, and experimentation in molecular biology. If sperm is provided by a private donor, either directly or through a sperm agency, it is usually supplied fresh, not frozen, and it will not be quarantined. Prerequisite: BIOL 220; and either PHYS 115 or PHYS 122. Conduction is how thermal energy is transferred between two objects that are touching. These embryos are called somatic embryos. Artificial insemination is the deliberate introduction of sperm into a female's cervix or uterine cavity for the purpose of achieving a pregnancy through in vivo fertilization by means other than sexual intercourse or in vitro fertilisation.It is a fertility treatment for humans, and is common practice in animal breeding, including dairy cattle (see Frozen bovine semen) and pigs. Differentiation happens multiple times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. These parasites have been under immense selective pressure and as a result have evolved fascinating means for transmission and evasion of the immune system. A structure is an arrangement and organization of interrelated elements in a material object or system, or the object or system so organized. We are not permitting internet traffic to Byjus website from countries within European Union at this time. X-ray absorptions are associated with the excitation of inner shell electrons in atoms. Prerequisite: either BIOL 180, BIOL 240, B BIO 180, or T BIOL 120. Password requirements: 6 to 30 characters long; ASCII characters only (characters found on a standard US keyboard); must contain at least 4 different symbols; Scientific Experiment Serves as a prerequisite to advanced 400-level cell, molecular, and developmental biology courses and seminars. Offered: jointly with FHL 536; S.View course details in MyPlan: BIOL 536, BIOL 540 Seminar in Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (1-3, max. Still, callus culture has got some importance: (i) The whole plant can be regenerated in large number from callus tissue through manipulation of the nutrient and hormonal constituents in the culture medium. Analyzes evolutionary changes in development, with emphasis on observation of live embryos and larvae. What is Electromagnetic Induction? The width of absorption lines may be determined by the spectrometer used to record it. The absorption that occurs due to a transition between two states is referred to as an absorption line and a spectrum is typically composed of many lines. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Some countries have laws which restrict and regulate who can donate sperm, travel to another jurisdiction which permits it, Religious response to assisted reproductive technology, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, "ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION OF MARRIED WOMEN (Hansard, 26 February 1958)", "Artificial insemination history: hurdles and milestones", "The First Artificial Insemination Was an Ethical Nightmare", "Letter to the Editor: Artificial Impregnation", "British man 'fathered 600 children' at own fertility clinic - Telegraph", "Mary's Babies review Fertility clinic's dark truth", "Oral Sex, a Knife Fight and Then Sperm Still Impregnated Girl. The cervix is then clamped to prevent leakage to the vagina, best achieved with a specially designed double nut bivalve (DNB) speculum. In biology, gene expression refers to the process that converts DNA instructions into the actual production of protein molecules. Furthermore, the formation of a magnetic field takes place when a wire carries an electric current. Microsoft is quietly building a mobile Xbox store that will rely on Activision and King games. To access released items from the computer-based tests: View the released items using the ePATs (electronic practice assessment tools) at the MCAS Resource Center.A released-item answer key is provided for each ePAT. Focus on anatomy (not physiology) to offer students a greater understanding of the structures, development, and evolution of the of human body. 6) NScIndependent study/topics related to material taken in BIOL 180, BIOL 200, and BIOL 220. Synthetic approach, with emphasis on applications to cell biology, neurobiology, and ecology. Offered: AWSp.View course details in MyPlan: BIOL 543, BIOL 544 Evolution of Photosynthesis (3) R. CATTOLICOFocuses on the evolution of photosynthetic eukaryotic cells. When water boils, bubbles form on the bottom of the pot, where the temperature is the hottest, and then rise to the cooler area at the top of the pot. The charging by induction process is where the charged particle is held near an uncharged conductive material that is grounded on a neutrally charged material. Credit/no-credit only. Prerequisite: either BIOL 350 or BIOL 355.View course details in MyPlan: BIOL 417, BIOL 418 Biological Clocks and Rhythms (4) NSc H. DE LA IGLESIAExamines circadian rhythms and other forms of biological rhythmicity, including annual and tidal rhythms. What is Electromagnetic Induction? Prerequisite: either minimum 3.5 grade in PSYCH 200, 2.0 in PSYCH 300, or 2.0 in BIOL 180. Microsofts Activision Blizzard deal is key to the companys mobile gaming efforts. Prerequisite: either BIOL 350, BIOL 355, BIOL 452, or BIOL 467. Electromagnetic Induction Discussions may cover the full breadth of the discipline or focus on selected topics.View course details in MyPlan: BIOL 560, BIOL 561 Topics in Ecology (1-3, max. Writing intensive course. Spotting misinformation; causal fallacies; statistical traps; data visualization; big data; interpreting scientific claims; fake news and social media; refutation techniques. Plant Growth Regulators - Types & its Role in Plant Growth - BYJUS Offered: W.View course details in MyPlan: BIOL 461, BIOL 462 Advanced Animal Physiology (3) NSc Mary Pat WenderothPhysiology at levels of organisms and behavior, organ systems, and cells - an evolutionary and integrative perspective. If your hands are cold, you can warm them up by holding a warm mug of hot chocolate. It does not store any personal data. 15)Focused discussion of on-going research in ecology occurring in the instructor's laboratory. These background interferences may also vary over time. Prerequisite: either BIOL 350 or BIOL 355.View course details in MyPlan: BIOL 428, BIOL 429 Organ Development, Homeostasis and Regeneration (3) Jeff RasmussenHow essential organ systems are built during development and maintained throughout life. If frozen, the small plastic tube holding the semen is referred to as a straw. Lesson 8 - Natural Selection: Definition, Types & Examples Natural Selection: Definition, Types & Examples Video Take Quiz Plant descriptive characters evident in the field with eye and hand lens. Prerequisite: minimum grade of 1.7 in either BIOL 180, B BIO 180, T BIOL 120, or TESC 120; either CHEM 143, CHEM 145, CHEM 223, CHEM 237, or OCEAN 295, or concurrently taking either CHEM 220, CHEM 152, CHEM 153, or CHEM 155. In these cases, the use of IUI can provide a more efficient delivery of the sperm. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Agar solidified or semi-solid nutrient medium after its preparation and sterilization by autoclave at 15 lbs. Password requirements: 6 to 30 characters long; ASCII characters only (characters found on a standard US keyboard); must contain at least 4 different symbols; Prerequisite: either BIOL 220, BIOL 240, or FISH 270/MARBIO 270/OCEAN 270; recommended: Q SCI 381 or equivalent. The explants are finally transferred aseptically on a suitable nutrient medium solidified with agar. 15)Weekly discussions of past and current scientific literature in organismal biology, reviews of the state of the field, and presentation of research results. The development of the nervous system, or neural development (neurodevelopment), refers to the processes that generate, shape, and reshape the nervous system of animals, from the earliest stages of embryonic development to adulthood. A spectrometer has an inherent limit on how narrow a line it can resolve and so the observed width may be at this limit. Here, visitors of all ages can tinker, test, notice, and play with more than 600 interactive exhibits. Prerequisite: BIOL 200. 10) NScView course details in MyPlan: BIOL 497, BIOL 498 Library Research (1-5, max. Offered: W.View course details in MyPlan: BIOL 425, BIOL 426 Comparative Immunology (3) NSc Adam Steinbrenner he.himFunction and evolution of immune sensing across kingdoms. Development of the nervous system 16)Introduce graduate students to theory, methods, and current research in a biological discipline, and provides structured opportunity for students to practice scientific discourse. Explore the definition and examples of differential gene expression. Offered: jointly with BIOC 495; W.View course details in MyPlan: BIOL 495, BIOL 496 Special Topics in Field Biology (1-5, max. Prerequisite: FISH 250, OCEAN 250, or BIOL 250; Q SCI 381, STAT 220, or STAT 311. If you have a hot drink, how do you make it cold? It is important that the syringe is emptied slowly for safety and for the best results, bearing in mind that the purpose of the procedure is the replicate as closely as possible a natural deposit of the semen in the vagina. It is important that washed sperm is used because unwashed sperm may elicit uterine cramping, expelling the semen and causing pain, due to content of prostaglandins. [15] It may also be performed privately by the woman, or, if she has a partner, in the presence of her partner, or by her partner. It is the art of proving any statement, theorem or formula which is thought to be true for each and every natural number n.. Not open to students who have taken BIOL 430 or BIOL 432. Artificial insemination techniques available include intracervical insemination (ICI) and intrauterine insemination (IUI). The EU Mission for the Support of Palestinian Police and Rule of Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Includes weekly scientific papers.View course details in MyPlan: BIOL 583, BIOL 590 Seminar in Organismal Biology (1-3, max. Pays special attention to making STEM education accessible to underrepresented populations. Microsoft is building an Xbox mobile gaming store to take on The specificity also allows unknown samples to be identified by comparing a measured spectrum with a library of reference spectra. Absorption spectroscopy refers to spectroscopic techniques that measure the absorption of radiation, as a function of frequency or wavelength, due to its interaction with a sample.The sample absorbs energy, i.e., photons, from the radiating field. Offered: AW.View course details in MyPlan: BIOL 356, BIOL 359 Foundations in Quantitative Biology (3) NSc, RSNQuantitative skills used in biology, with a focus on applying those skills to current biological issues. Nomenclature 12)Weekly presentation by participants of classical literature, current literature, and research in the molecular biology, developmental biology, neurobiology, and genetics of Drosophila. My World of Work Different plant parts carry a number of surface borne micro-organisms-like bacteria, fungus etc. Prerequisite: either BIOL 354, BIOL 453, or ESS 100. Students learn to culture yeast, ferment foods, brew beer from malted grains, and perform chemical analysis of wine must. You don't have to be touching a fire to feel its heat. Covers theory and use of phylogeny in comparative biology. Culture: History, Principles and Significance Typical plant parts may be segments of root or stem, pieces of leaf lamina, flower petals etc. The two measured spectra can then be combined to determine the material's absorption spectrum. Offered: AWSpS.View course details in MyPlan: BIOL 220, BIOL 240 Intensive Introductory Biology: Human Health Emphasis (15) NSc J. Doherty, S. Freeman, A. SchivellComprehensive introduction to biology from the standpoint of interactions between biology, human health, society, and the larger ecosystem. (11) Usually, after 4 weeks in culture the ex- plants incubated on medium with 2, 4-D will form a substantial callus. Give examples of a few plant growth regulators? A wide variety of radiation sources are employed in order to cover the electromagnetic spectrum. Account of a Girl Impregnated After Oral Sex Shows Sperms' Incredible Survivability", "Procedure for intrauterine insemination (IUI) using processed sperm", "Intra-uterine versus cervical insemination of donor sperm for subfertility", "Immobilization May Improve Pregnancy Rate After Intrauterine Insemination", "Lesbian Fertility Options - Donor Sperm IUI - Reciprocal IVF - LGBT", "Pregnancy success rates for lesbian women undergoing intrauterine insemination", "Single versus double intrauterine insemination in multi-follicular ovarian hyperstimulation cycles: a randomized trial", "Intra-uterine insemination for unexplained subfertility", "Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination", "Intrauterine insemination versus Fallopian tube sperm perfusion in non-tubal infertility", "Andrology: Sperm Volume & Concentration", "Intrauterine Insemination: Fundamentals Revisited", "Immobilisation versus immediate mobilisation after intrauterine insemination: randomised controlled trial", "Clomifene citrate or unstimulated intrauterine insemination compared with expectant management for unexplained infertility: pragmatic randomised controlled trial", Reproductive Technology (Evaluation & Treatment of Infertility): Guidelines for Catholic Couples. The charging by induction process is where the charged particle is held near an uncharged conductive material that is grounded on a neutrally charged material. In all cases of artificial insemination, the recipient woman will be the biological mother of any child produced, and the male whose sperm is used will be the biological father. For most UV, visible, and NIR measurements the use of precision quartz cuvettes are necessary. This article deals with magnetic field strength formula. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top. Hardiness and landscape applications. Which part of the male reproductive system store the sperm? Covers Mendelian genetics, evolution, biodiversity of life forms, ecology, conservation biology, metabolism and energetics, structure and function of biomolecules, cell structure and function, animal physiology, and plant physiology. Intensive introduction into the ecology and analysis of animal movements. Prerequisite: either BIOL 220, BIOL 240, B BIO 220, or T BIOL 140.View course details in MyPlan: BIOL 444, BIOL 445 Marine Botany (5) NWSurvey of plants represented in marine environments; natural history; ecology, distribution, habitat, adaptation, and trophic interrelationships. Offered: jointly with FHL 440.View course details in MyPlan: BIOL 445, BIOL 446 Plant Classification and Identification (5) NSc Richard G. OlmsteadExplores the classification and diversity of seed plants; concepts and principles of phylogeny and classification; lab and field study of common plant families in Washington; and skill development for identification of species. Provides students with the computation and bioinformatics skills needed to apply new phylogenetic techniques that can accommodate larger, more complex data sets. tes.View course details in MyPlan: BIOL 570, BIOL 571 Topics in Conservation Biology (1-3, max. Morphological changes in developing animals; experimental analysis of developing systems; underlying genetic and biochemical regulation of development. It can be used on-site or shipped to the female's location. Offered: AWSp.View course details in MyPlan: BIOL 113, BIOL 114 Astrobiology: Life in the Universe (5) NW David C. Catling, Roger Buick, Victoria S Meadows, Woodruff T SullivanIntroduction to the new science of astrobiology, study of the origin and evolution of life on Earth, and the search for microbial and intelligent life elsewhere in the Universe. Exposes students to the work of an athletic trainer within the sports medicine team. Exploratorium Incubation of culture under controlled physical conditions such as temperature, light, and humidity is indispensible for the proper initiation of callus tissue. The intensity of the absorption varies as a function of frequency, and this variation is the absorption spectrum. Prerequisite: BIOL 220 or BIOL 240.View course details in MyPlan: BIOL 489, BIOL 490 Undergraduate Seminar (1-3, max. EUPOL COPPS (the EU Coordinating Office for Palestinian Police Support), mainly through these two sections, assists the Palestinian Authority in building its institutions, for a future Palestinian state, focused on security and justice sector reforms. Focus on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie questions about the basis of neuronal diversity, axonal pathfinding and target recognition, synaptogenesis, and activity-dependent plasticity. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. 15)Focused discussion of on-going cell, molecular, or developmental biology research occurring in the instructor's laboratory. Convection is also what helps big birds rise in the air without flapping their wings. [53], Scientists working with captive orcas were able to pioneer the technique in the early 2000s, resulting in "the first successful conceptions, resulting in live offspring, using artificial insemination in any cetacean species". Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem Offered: Sp.View course details in MyPlan: BIOL 443, BIOL 444 Ornithology (5) NSc John T KlickaField, lecture, and laboratory study of birds from an evolutionary perspective. 6) NScFocuses on current topics in biology. This page was last edited on 24 October 2022, at 12:01. What is Mathematical Induction? Released Test Questions and Practice Tests Released Test Questions. Research projects supervised by an individual faculty member. Charging By Induction: Lastly, the induction charging is a charging method that charges an object without actually touching the object to any other charged object. The explants are finally transferred aseptically on a suitable nutrient medium solidified with agar. 9) NScSupervised readings and group discussion. However, IUI success rate data has not been published for trans women.[24].